Showing posts with label Spelling Bee. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Spelling Bee. Show all posts

Friday, June 17, 2011

Exploring the success of Indians at the Spelling Bee?

Yet again an Indian wins the spelling bee. Give it up to Sukanya Roy from Wilkes-Barre, PA. 7out the 13 finalists in 2011 contest were of Indian origin. It has become astereotype of sorts for a kid of Indian ancestry to win the US National Spelling Bee championship. About a year ago, in an article titled Indian Buzz at the Spelling Bee, I pondered on the success of Indians at this competition. In this post, I will explore the possible causes of the success.This post however is not an attempt to explore the why of the success, rather the how of it, may be? Before we begin analyzing the success, I want to take a small detour into the history of the Spelling Bee winners who are of Indian Ancestry.

The first Indian kid to win the championship was Balu Natarajan in the year 1985. He did it by spelling the word milieu. He went on to become a Physician in Internal and Sports Medicine with a fellowship in Sports medicine. He practices in Chicago. This breakthrough was followed shortly in 1988 by Rageshree Ramachandran. She earned a joint MD-PhD at UPenn and is currently pursuing a gastrointestinal fellowship at UCSF in 2008. This succession of wins was followed by a drought of 11 year until 1999 when Nupur Lala won the championship. It was the year the documentary Spellbound was made that followed 8 spelling bee contestants. This documentary film was nominated for Academy Award in the Best Documentary category in 2003. Nupur become a celebrity of sorts since the documentary was released. She graduated from Univ. Michigan Ann Arbor majoring Brain and Cognitive Sciences. She is currently pursuing research in neuroimaging at MIT. George Tampy, who was mentioned several times but was not one of the contestants that were followed regulary in the documentary, went on to win the bee the next year (2000). After graduating from Harvard in 2010, George is a Finance Analyst in Chicago.

The list of all Indian Spelling Bee Winners is below
1985 Balu Natarajan
1988 Rageshree Ramachandran
1999 Nupur Lala
2000 George Abraham Thampy
2002 Pratyush Buddiga
2003 Sai R. Gunturi
2005 Anurag Kashyap
2008 Sameer Mishra
2009 Kavya Shivashankar
2010 Anamika Veeramani
2011 Sukanya Roy

For a full list visit http://www.spellingbee.com/champions-and-their-winning-words.

Time, effort and hardwork each of the winner put into the preparation for the contest has to be the primary cause of their success. Proper encouragement and supportive environment at home and in school plays a part. Assuming every winner had these conditions, a candidate preparing for such an intensive high
competitive event needs a training and practicing ground. To the Indian Kids this came in the form of North South Foundation(NSF). NSF has over 60+ chapters in USA and was started in 1989. The educational contests including the spelling bee contests at the chapter level was started in 1993. These contests have kind of become a minor-league training ground for the major league level Scripps National Spelling Bee.

So far, we know that the Indian kids have been successful post 1999 thanks at some level to the intensive training grounds provided by NSF since 1993. What about the period prior to 1999? There were only two winners in the 80s and none prior to that. To that I would like to take one more detour and explore
the history of Immigration (legal) to US from India.
The immigration policy of US has been fairly restrictive prior to 1965. A policy change in 1965 could be termed a land mark for Immigrants from Non-Western countries to US. You can find details of the history of Indian immigration here. An excerpt from it that is relevant to the current topic is below. Italics are
mine.

The Immigration Act of 1965 liberalized immigration, increasing per country quota to 20,000 people irrespective of race, color or creed. The new legislation while ending the period of selective discriminatory immigration to the US, encouraged a new wave of Indian immigrants who were educated and skilled and have profited from their knowledge.


A further boost to the immigration from India came in the form of temporary work visa or H1B(cap of 65k per year). The Amendment that allowed this to happen came into effect in 1992. Here you can find more details of the change to immigration rules, an excerpt of which is below. Italics are mine.
After 1992, it was the relatively less noticeable route of temporary migration that started to become predominant. The 1990 Amendments, brought into effect in 1992, explicitly favored the building up of the human capital capabilities of America by fulfilling its current and future requirements of highly skilled knowledge workers, finally bringing to relevance the immigration of Indians to the American labour market needs.

The immigrant Indian population in US can be seen in the list and chart below. More details here.
Year     Indian born Immigrants
1960    12,296
1970    51,000
1980    206,087
1990    450,406
2000    1,022,552
2008    1,622,522

So the immigration rules mattered. It limited the number of Indians coming to USA prior to 1965 and 1992, thereby limiting the number of participants in the contests. With the issuance of temporary work permit visas, the number of immigrants from India to US has increased manifold since 1992. This led to the formation of Indian communities and they began to participate in the local events that symbolize something to them. Part of that is success in academic and knowledge pursuits. This has to be cultural as well as demand of the times. The 1980s and after were a period of knowledge driven societies. Service industries have grown that need well educated, high skilled work force. The lack of local workforce led to the immigrant work force from India filling the gaps. This work force came to US on the factor of skill set – good education, learning in science and technology. The immigrants from India who came to US did not have the luxury as the other western immigrant in the 17th and 18th century - vast frontier lands and hard work to till the land and make their dream come true. Instead all they had was their academic over achievement that led to their success in their home country and immigration to US. They impart the same spirit to their kids who went on to pursue academic success. This I believe is the reason for the kids’ success. The notion that Indian Parents are pushy and subject their kids to these contests by force and pressure is a farce.

In a follow-up to my first post on Spelling Bee, I attempted to find if there were a set of conditions that all communities, who attained success in certain specialized fields, have. The communities that succeeded, I observed, had
•Barrier Breaker
•Willing Takers/Followers
•Continuing Success
•Network for Practicing and Competing Opportunities
Apart from the above I had also wondered if the size of the community matters.

From what I can see so far, the success of Indian kids at the Spelling Bee meet all the above mentioned observations. The question to ask next is, with the change of times in India and USA, will Indian kids continue their success at the Spelling Bee and in the large context at the academic, professional levels. Also the success is largely achieved by the progeny of first generation immigrants from India. What happened to the kids from second and third generation? Why is their participation and success so limited at the spelling bee? The second generation is fairly successful. We are beginning to see a lot of the second Indians in the movies and TV, politics, leading corporations etc. The time has not elapsed enough and there is very limited data on the third generation. That’s a topic for another day.

Friday, June 25, 2010

Indian Buzz at the Spelling Bee

Scripps Spelling Bee is an annual competition for kids who have neither turned 16 nor passed beyond the eighth grade. I have been following the competition since 2000 and it has come to become lot more popular now than in 2000. Kids of Indian origin tend to win the competition beyond comparison and there leads to a lot of stereotypes and spite. I will address them in this post.

I started this post about a year ago. I left it unpublished having not found clarity to my thoughts. Having struggled with vocabulary for the GRE exam, I had a sense of what is invloved in the spelling competition. I appreciated the effort put in by the young kids who manage to spell out arcane words that nobody has heard and they do all this under the glaring eyes of the TV spolight and pressure from fellow contestants. The first few years I saw this contest on TV, I felt deep sympathy for the kids. The stress was very visible on the faces of the contestants. It is hard to not notice that majority of these kids are geeky looking and more so that they belonged to the minority South Asian(Indian) community. Over the years the geekiness of these kids is replaced by a witty sense of humor in some of these kids. That was a welcome change.

The South Asian kids have dominated the event(ever since I have been following it) and their participation has grown over the years. Eight out the last twelve winners were of Indian origin. Here are some links on 2010 spelling bee champion
Spelling bee winner part of Indian-American streak
Veeramani wins for Cleveland
Washington Post Image gallery on National Spelling Bee

It is astounding if you see the statistics of how many Indian kids make it to the top and win it. Consider this, last year 14 out of 41 spellers in the semi-finals were Indian Americans. This year(2010), an estimated 30 Indian americans will compete among a total of 273 - 11 percent in all. This is a big if you know that Indian Americans are about only 1% of the US population. The winners of the last three years were all Indians. In 2008 it was Sameer Mishra from Lousiana, in 2009 year it was Kavya Shivashankar from Kansas and this year it is Annamika Veeramani from Ohio. The list of all the champions so far can be found here

However every success by an ethnic minority surely leads to stereotyping and mockery of the group by regular folks and mass media alike. I know the sterotypes associated with successful children of immigrant parents - they have pushy parents, not well rounded, book worms, geeky etc. Here is a recent article by Washinton about spelling bee contestant stereotypes - 'Spelling bee participants work to dispel the stereotypes'. While trying to find the stereotype on Indian parents, I found a clip from a famous sitcom Goodness Gracious Me. You can view it here or embedded video below



To see the sterotype associations, one just has to view the comments on any of the articles covered in the major news websites to see how much negativity is fostered by people. The negativity is fostered in International portals as well as in Indian websites by both Indian and Non-Indian readers alike. Here are some excerpts of some negative comments on news about kids of Indian origin winning

Belittling the efforts is a comment at slate.com -
Rote memorization is a waste of time. They should focus on more creative problem-solving skills: science, math, even art and literature. Thankfully, neither I nor any other Indian kid in my area cared about the spelling bee.


Mockery in a comment at nytimes.com
14 year old Anamika Veeramani from Ohio won the National Spelling Bee. She won when her opponent was unable to spell “Anamika Veeramani”.


Ethnic insult at rediff.com
Indians are best "parrots"..they can like parrots memorise words and keep uttering..rediff reporters are junk..


Jon Stewart, with all due respect for the topics he covers, could not avoid the stereotype either. But his daily show takes aim at everybody and that he what he does best-satire on current affairs.
The Daily Show With Jon StewartMon - Thurs 11p / 10c
Headlines - Asian Fusion
www.thedailyshow.com
Daily Show Full EpisodesPolitical HumorTea Party

Brushing aside the stereotypes, the competition itself is gaining in popularity and was telecast live primetime on abc this year. The journey to primetime has been slow but is aided by the documentary Spellbound made in 2002 which was very popular. In 2005 there was a movie titled 'Bee Season' staring Richard Gere. Then in 2006 the movie 'Akkelah and the Bee' starring Lawrence Fishburne was also based on the Spelling bee competition. Spelling Bee is now mainstream and covered as a sporting event on ESPN every year.

Popularity is good as it brings exposure to the competition and hardwork of the kids. But the real question stills remains. Why are Indians so good at Spelling Bee? My Google search did not give me a closure.

Here are some links to what I found myself looking for answers to the above question. I answers ranged from
Silly by joe six packs at Yahoo Answers! -
How come indians or east asians always are the winners of Spelling Bee?
to sensible at Slate - Why Are Indian Kids So Good at Spelling?
and rumination at The Root -
Is Spelling a Cultural Activity?

While success can bring stereotypes, it can also bring patronizing people to the front. Look here - Indian Americans: The New Model Minority. You can find refutation here -Nobody's Model Minority

I am still looking for answers. Let me know what your thoughts are on this.

---------------------The End-------------
What to know more, here are some more links
Striving in America, and in the Spelling Bee
Once again, yet ANOTHER Indian kid wins the National Spelling Bee
Spelling Bee contest in US: Indians cast a spell
Kansas gal Kavya Shivshankar bee-comes spelling princess
W-I-N-N-E-R! Desi Kid Wins Spelling Bee, Again